Thyroid disorders, Cushings syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, androgen-secreting tumors, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia can lead to PCOS
Reversing this pathophysiology and providing supportive care is accomplished through intramuscular epinephrine (increases systemic vascular resistance and decreases bronchoconstriction), intravenous H1/H2 blockers (decreases vasodilation and third-spacing), nebulized beta-agonists (relieves bronchospasm), intravenous glucocorticoids (anti-inflammatory), and intravenous fluids (intravascular resuscitation, increases cardiac output)
Clinical evidence consists of encouraging preclinical results and several early human trials demonstrating enhancements in fertility markers and outcomes, albeit with varying sample sizes and methodologies
and (iii) to balance the actual warning with the opportunity for future discovery about their benefits
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