The downside is that the population may not be representative of the overall population since it is made of veterans (for example, 95% male)
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This type of diabetes is known as hepatogenous diabetes (HD).6 DM and Cirrhosis Retrospective studies have shown that DM is associated with an increased risk of hepatic complications and death in patients with liver cirrhosis.79 DM is associated with hepatic encephalopathy,10 portal hypertension and bleeding from esophageal varices in decompensated patients.11 In a cohort of individuals with liver infection by HBV, those who developed de novo DM had higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatic complications.12 In patients with chronic hepatitis C, DM was an independent predictor of hepatic complications such as ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, renal dysfunction and hepatocellular cancer.13 DM also has a negative impact on survival of cirrhotic patients
Notably, a series of emerging mechanisms, such as the VDR/FFAR2 (Xu et al., 2024) axis and HIF-1/LDHA axis (Kuang et al., 2025), have been confirmed as key pathways regulating cellular ferroptosis sensitivity
Ramrez-Meja, Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico