The ideal characteristics of translational safety biomarkers of organ injury are that they provide more sensitive and specific information than current clinical chemistry biomarkers, can be detected through robust analytical assays in relevant translational species (rat, dog, mouse or monkey) and in humans, can be measured noninvasively or in accessible fluids like blood or urine, can predict or monitor severity of histopathology in nonclinical species, are specific for organ injury or mechanisms of toxicity that lead to organ injury, are specific to tissue location and are insensitive to nontoxic perturbations (exercise, diet, age, and other diseases and toxicities to other organs) (Amacher 2010
After PSM, the GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors groups ( n =38,804 in each) were well matched (ESM Fig
However, there are a few avenues to explore for potential cost savings
Once acute pancreatitis has been confirmed in a patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist, the medication should not be restarted
We excluded mice in which diabetes modeling was unsuccessful through blood glucose and glucose tolerance testing
