can being around cigarette smoke cause a sore throat Throat: The Top 5 Causes and How to Avoid Them Smoke Inhalation: Care Instructions |

This difference highlights the role of nicotine bioavailability, which refers to how much nicotine actually enters the body during use

Colorectal surgeon David Liska, MD, weighs in

All procedures were approved by the University of Arkansas Institutional Review Board

People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by cigarette use, with an estimated 4060% prevalence rate 2-4 , which is quadruple the 11.5% rate in the general population 1

Moreover, microbiome-targeted therapies, including the use of antimicrobial peptides or specific bacteriophages, may provide more direct means of modulating microbial communities to reduce disease risk