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The researchers found that smoking initiation rates among older teens dropped substantially between 1970 and 2009 across Europe, except in South Europe, where the decline leveled off after 1990

Sarah Jackson, a principal research fellow at UCLs alcohol and tobacco research group told the Guardian

In fact, at the time, nearly 50 percent of physicians were smoking cigarettes, and some were even prescribing cigarettes to aid in digestion

Detailed codebooks for each wave of data collection are available on the TPackSS website ( For the current analysis, we coded packs for features previously associated with targeted marketing to women [ To capture the global circulation and ownership of feminine appealing packs, we also categorized whether the pack was illicitly sold in the country of purchase (yes/no) and the tobacco company that manufactured each pack

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Hufford MR, Shields AL